DSE-Growth, Development, Organization & Management

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DSE-Growth, Development, Organization &

Management

2.1 Historical Background of the DSE:

The Necessity of Establishing a Stock Exchange in the Then East Pakistan Was First feel By the Government, Early In 1952.It Was Learnt That The Calcutta Stock Exchange Had Prohibited The Transactions In Pakistani Shares And Securities. The Provincial Industrial Advisory Council Soon Thereafter Set Up An Organizing Committee For The Formation Of A Stock Exchange In East Pakistan. A Decisive Step Was Taken in The Second Meeting Of The Organizing Committee Held On The 13th March 1953. In The Cabinet Room, Eden Building, Under The Chairmanship Of Mr. A. Khaleeli, Secretary Government Of East Bengal, Commerce, Labor And Industries Department At Which Various Aspects Of The Issue Were Discussed In Detail. The Then Central Governments Proposal Regarding The Karachi Stock Exchange Opening A Branch at Dhaka.

Did Not Find Favor With The Meeting Who Felt That East Pakistan Should Have An Independent Stock Exchange. It Was Suggested That Dhaka Narayanganj Chamber of Commerce & Industry Should Approach Its Members For Purchase Of Membership Cards At RS.2000 Each For The Proposed Stock Exchange. The Location Of The Exchange It Was Thought Should Be Either Dhaka Narayanganj Or Dhaka. An Organizing Committee Was Appointed Consisting Of Leading Commercial And Industrial Personalities Of The Province With Mr. Mehdi Ispahani As The Convener In Order To Organize The Exchange.

The Chamber Informed Its Members And Members Of Its Affiliated Associations Of The Proceedings Of The Above Meeting, Requesting Them To Intimate Whether They Were Interested In Joining The Proposed Stock Exchange. This Was Followed By A Meeting, At The Chamber Of About 100 Persons Interested In The Formation Of The Exchange On 07.07.1953. The Meeting Invited 8 Gentleman To Become Promoters Of The Exchange With Mr. M Mehdi Ispahani As The Convener And Authorized Them To Draw Up The Memorandum And Article Of Association Of The Exchange And Proceed To Obtain Register Under The Companies Act.1913. The Other 7 Promoters Of The Exchange Were Mr. J M Addision-Scott, Mr. Mhodammed Hanif, Mr. A C Jain, Mr. A K Khan, Mr M Shabbir Ahmed And Mr. Sakhawat Hossin.

It Was Also Decided That Membership Fee Was To Be Rs.2000 And Subscription Rate At 15 Per Month. The Exchange Was To Consist Of Not More Than 150 Members. A Meeting Of The Promoters Was Held At The Chamber On 03.09.1953 When It Was Decided To Appoint Orr Dignam & Co., Solicitors To Draw Up The Memorandum And Articles Of Association Of The Stock Exchange Based On The Rules Of Stock Exchange Existing In Other Countries And Taking Into Account Local Conditions.

The 8 Promoters Incorporated The Formation As The East Pakistan Stock Exchange Association Ltd. On 28.04.1954. As Public Company. On 23.06.1962 The Name was Revised To East Pakistan Stock Exchange Ltd. Again On 14.05.1964 The Name Of East Pakistan Stock Exchange Limited Was Changed To “Dhaka Stock Exchange Ltd.”

At The Time Of Incorporation The Authorized Capital Of The Exchange Was Rs. 300000 Divided Into 150 Shares. Of Rs. 2000 each and by an extra ordinary general meeting adopted at the extra ordinary general meeting held on 22.02.1964 the authorized capital of the exchange was increased to Tk. 500000 divided into 250 shares of Tk. 2000 each. The paid up capital of the exchange now stood at Tk.460000 dividend into 230 shares of Tk. 2000 each. However 35 shares out of 230 shares were issued at TK. 80,00,000 only per share of TK. 2000 with a premium of TK. 79,98,000.

Although incorporated in 1954, the formal trading was started in 1956 at Narayanganj after obtaining the certificates of commencement of business. But in 1958 it was shifted to Dhaka and started functioning at the Narayangonj chamber building in Motijheel C/A.

On 1.10.1957 the stock exchange purchase a land measuring 8.75 Kattah at 9F Motijheel C/A from the Government and shifted the stock Exchange to its own location in 1959.

2.2 Mission of DSE:

The Dhaka stock exchange will create as a successful well-organized and transparent market of international standard to save and invest in Bangladesh in order to facilitate the competent entrepreneurs to raise capital and speed up industrial growth for overall benefit of the economy.

2.3 OBJECTIVES OF DSE:

The prime objective of the DSE is to create a nation-wide stock market also beyond the national boundary, which will simultaneously act as a platform for industrial entrepreneurs and general investors. Explicitly the objectives of DSE are

Following:

  • To develop a strong platform for the entrepreneurs for raising capital.
  • To provide an investment opportunities for small and large-scale investors.
  • To develop a transparent market ensuring investors interest.
  • To provide a fully automated trading, Clearing and settlement system to ensure quick, easy, accurate and easily accessible to all transactions.
  • To attract non-resident Bangladeshis to invest in Bangladesh Stock market.
  • To attract foreign institutional investors to invest in Bangladesh stock market.
  • To collect, preserve and disseminate data and information on stock market.
  • To develop a corporate culture through mandatory corporate membership.
  • To develop a research cell for analyzing status of the market and economy.

2.4 Management of DSE/Board of Directors DSE :

Main task of the board of director is to make policy. DSE has a policy making body of 24 members, 12 are elected and 12 selected councilors. The board members at present are as follows:

Chief Executive Officer

A. F. M. Shariful Islam

PABX: 9564601,7175705-9, Ext-108

Email: sharif@dsebd.org, dse@bol-online.com

Chief Financial Officer

Satipati Moitra, M.Com, FCMA

PABX: 9564601,7175705-9, Ext-107

Mobile: 01713425800

Email: satipati@dsebd.org, dse@bol-online.com

Chief Technology Officer

A. S. M. Khairuzzaman

Phone: 9564601,7175703-11, Ext-123

Mobile: 01713425801

Email: skzaman@dsebd.org, dse@bol-online.com, kzaman_bd@yahoo.com

General Manager & Secretary

Shaikh Mohammadullah, MBA (IBA), FCS

Phone: 9564601,7175705-9, Ext-102

Mobile: 01713333224

Email: smullah@dsebd.org, dse@bol-online.com

Board of Directors:

Mr. Md. Rakibur Rahman

President, DSE

Room No – 508 ,

Stock Exchange Building ,

9/F , Motijheel C.A.,

Dhaka-1000

Ph: 9551960, 9559925,

PABX : 9564601, 7175705-9

Ext. 508

Navana Villa

Flat No. 201,

Plot No. 10

Road No. 118

Gulshan, Dhaka

Phone: 8823500, 9895837

Mobile: 01819-219396

Mr. Saiful Islam

Senior Vice-President, DSE

Suite No. 1002-3

9/E, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-1000

Phone: 9561070, 9561232, 9564959, 9569302

Fax: 9562254, 9564991

Apartment 2B,

House No.16,

Road No. 01,

Baridhara Diplomatic Zone,

Dhaka-1212

Res: 8859055

Mobile: 01711-546802

Mr. Md. Shakil Rizvi

Vice-President, DSE

Room No: 905, DSE Annex Building (8th Floor) 9/E, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-1000

Phone: 7175716, 9570985, 7166096, 7170993-4

PABX: 9564601, 7175705-9

Ext- 429

Phone:

Mobile: 01715864740

Mr. Abdul Haque

Director, DSE

Room No – 618, 619, 709, 715

Stock Exchange Building

9/F, Motijheel C.A.

Dhaka-1000

Phone: 9551815, 9564573,9568417

PABX : 9564601,7175705-09

Ext-715/709

9/2, Bagabati Banerjee Road

Hatkhola

Dhaka – 1203

Mobile: 01711-537753

Mr. M.A. Quayum

Director, DSE

Room no. 704 (6th Floor),

Modhumita Building,

158-160,Motijheel C.A.,

Dhaka-1000.

Ph: 9557677

PABX: 9557677, 7168345

Road No. 104,

House No. 5/F

Flat No. A-4/S

Gulshan -2,

Dhaka – 1212

Phone: 8814385

Mobile: 0175212755

Mr. Md. Hanif Bhuiya

Director, DSE

Room no. 620 , 621 & 635

Stock Exchange Building

9/E, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-1000

Phone:9553321, 9563287,9554712

PABX :9564601, 7175705-09, Ext:620, 621, 635

House No. 61

Road No. 7/A

Dhanmondi R.A.

Dhaka

Phone: 8150724

Mobile: 01713033829

Ms. Lailun Nahar Ekram

Director, DSE

House No. – 8A,

Road No. – 50,

Gulshan-2,

Dhaka – 1212

Phone: 9887423, 9892714

Fax: 9894877

House No. 14 (5th Floor),

Road No.- 140,

Gulshan – 01,

Dhaka – 1212

Res: 8855098

Mobile: 01711-567122

Mr. Masudul Haque

Director, DSE

Suite No. – 603 (5th Floor), Modhumita Building,

158-160 Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-1000

Phone: 7174368, 7174451,

9561993

116, Bashir Uddin Road, Kalabagan, Dhanmondi,

Dhaka-1205

Res: 9115571, 8144836

Mobile: 01711-542131

Mr. Mohammad Nasir Uddin Chowdhury

Director, DSE

Room No. 322

9/E, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-l000

Phone: 9561868, 9570496, 7174256, 7174315, 9556792 Fax: 9555384, 9562207

4/404, Eastern Point

8-9, Shantinagar,

Dhaka

Res: 8354163

Mobile: 01819-213180

Email: lbsldhk@accesstel.net

nasir@lbsbd.com

Mr. Md. Rafiqul Islam

Director, DSE

Room No – 901 (8ht floor)

9/E, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-l000

Phone: 9666927,9667011

PABX: 9564601 Ext-524

Phone: 9341147

Mobile: 01711-526213

Mr. Md. Feroz Khan

Director, DSE

Room No – 313 (2nd Floor)

Stock Exchange Building

9/F, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-l000

Phone: 9552390,9561667

PABX: 9564601 Ext-313

Phone: 8810256

Mobile: 01711-54874

Mr. Md. Shahjahan

Director, DSE

Room No – 213

Stock Exchange Building

9/F, Motijheel C/A,

Dhaka-l000

Phone: 9551403 PABX: 9564601,7175705-09 Ext-213

Phone: 9882204

Mobile: 01711 5368

2.5 Rules and Regulations maintained by DSE:

The Dhaka Stock Exchange’s activities are regulated by the following Acts & Regulations:

Companies Act, 1994.

Securities and Exchange Commission Act, 1993

Securities & Exchange Commission Act, 1993 (Act repelling controller brokers)

Regulations, 1994.

Dhaka Stock Exchange

a) By laws, b) Listing rules, c) Memorandum of Association, d) Articles of

Association and e) Settlement of Transaction & Regulation.

DSE had many new rules and regulation as well as amendments in the rules & regulation of Stock Exchange, Issues in the overall capital market. Some major ones are as follows:

§ The National Parliament passed “The Depository Act, 1999” on the 5th of April 1999.

§ SEC adopted “ Public Issue Rules 1998” which was gazette on the 25th January 1999 and subsequently brought some amendments in this rule on the 28th April 1999.

§ SEC has approved the “Margin Rules 1999” to facilitate proper administration of credit facilities extended by the brokers to their clients and to enhance liquidity in the Exchange.

§ The cabinet on June 7th, 1999 approved the amended to the “Trust Act 1882” to facilitate the investment of 25% of pension and insurance funds in the capital market.

§ SEC has extended the time limit for brokers/dealers to continue underwriting business from 30 to December 31, 1999.

§ SEC amended the “Securities & Exchange Rules 1987” with a view to removing the “Counter Party Identification” facility from the trading of the Stock Exchange.

§ SEC amended the “Settlement of Stock Exchange Transactions Regulations 1998” envisaging stern measures against defaulters for failing to deliver securities or make payment within stipulated time.

§ DSE has a policy making Body of 24 members, of whom 12 are elected and 12 are selected councilors.

2.6 The Organ gram of DSE:

The organizational chart of DSE has been given below: –

The Organ gram of DSE

2.7 Committees of DSE:

DSE has the following committees working for smooth running of the organization.

  • Administrative Committee.
  • Trading Committee.
  • Finance Committee.
  • Listing Committee.
  • Surveillance Committee.
  • Arbitration Committee.
  • Human Resource Committee.
  • Automation Committee
  • Land and Building Committee.

Activities of various Departments

The Various department of Dhaka stock exchange are as follows:

? Compliance Section:

? Listing and Membership Department

? Surveillance Department

? Inspection and Auditing

? Other Sections:

? Systems Department (I.T)

? Clearing and Settlement Department

? Accounts & Finance Department

? Research & Development and Public Relation Department

3.1. The functions of various departments are discussed in respective heads below:

Every company must be listed in the Stock market for working thereon and they have to fulfill various formalities. The Listing and Membership department deals with the various formalities of listing and membership with DSE. Formalities related with the enlistment of a company and membership and discussed below.

Listing Section

If the companies willing to expand their market may apply for listing with the DSE, according to the manner prescribed in the Listing Regulations. ‘Listing Company’ means a Company or a body corporate or corporation, which has been listed in accordance with the regulations, and whose securities are listed and include provisionally listed companies. Unless the company or the securities have been listed and permission for such dealing has been granted, no dealings in securities of a company shall be allowed.

Eligibility for Listing

The Company has to be a Registered Public Ltd. that must be incorporated in Bangladesh under the Companies Act.1994 with the office of the Registered of Joint Stock Companies and Firms. Shares to a listed company can be issued through primary market or secondary market.

Application of listing

Application for listing in the stock exchange should be made as per Form 1, under Section (9) of the Securities and Exchange Ordinance -1969 Section 140 of the Companies Act. 1994, within 10 days from the date of publish of the Company’s prospers. The stock exchange shall grant permission within a maximum period of 3 months from the date of receipt of listing application. In case, the permission is refused, the reason thereof will be communicated to the applicant and also to the Securities & Exchange Commission within 2 weeks of the decision. If reused, the applicant may move a fresh application after six months from the date of such refusal unless the Board otherwise decides.

Documents to be submitted

At the time of applying for the listing, the following documents to be submitted: In case of Participatory capital, a copy of the trust deed.

Copies of audited accounts for the last 5 completed years or a shorted Number of years if the company has been in existence only for such Short period. A Memorandum and Articles of Association. Brief history of the company since incorporation giving details of its Activities including any re-organization, changes in its capital structure

And borrowings. Copy of Agreements of other documents relating to arrangements with

Or between Vendors, Promoters, Underwriters, Brokers. Certified copies of agreement with Managing Agent, Selling Agent, Managing Director and Technical Director. A statement containing Particulars of material contracts. Certified copies of Agreement with BSB, BSRS, ICB and any other .

Form 2 as printed in the listing regulations.

A deed of Unconditional Undertaking to abide by the listing regulations of the DSE.

Membership Section

Nobody can participate in the stock trading without being a member of stock exchange. There are two types of member-

a) Dealer: They can act as principal and buy for their own accounts and sell securities from their own inventories.

b) Broker: They act as agents of others and receive a commission from their clients.

They have no rights to buy or sell from their own inventories.

The same firm or individual member may act as either a broker or a dealer at different times and in different transactions in the secondary market.

Application for Membership

As per company resolution, to get the membership in DSE, it is necessary to form a limited company and one director will have to be selected as the representative for dealing with the stock exchange. An application to be submitted as per “Form-Ka’ along with the following documents:-

?Memorandum of Association, Articles of Association of the company.

? Tax clearance certificate.

? Letter regarding permission for on-line trading.

? Deed of Declaration as per clause 5 (b) of General Rules and regulations of DSE.

? Two copies of stamp size recent photograph.

3.2 Surveillance Department:

Dhaka stock exchange has its own surveillance system to control and monitor the market activities particularly regarding the scrip traded. Surveillance Department keeps a close watch on price-movement of scrip; detect market manipulation and monitor abnormal prices and volumes, which are not consistent with the normal trading system. The activities of this department are mentioned here in below-

Circuit Breaker Control

Circuit breaker is a common and widely used system across the Stock Exchange world wide to control the abnormal fluctuations of share prices. The limit of Circuit Breaker at Dhaka stock Exchange is mentioned in this report while discussion the activities of market Operation Department. Presently, the following rules govern the Circuit Breaker percentage value or absolute circuit breaker value:

Ø In case of disclosure of news in any scrip, the circuit breaker percentage will be changed to a Market Operations specified value and will persist at this value for a specified number of days.

Ø For new scrip, for specified number of days after the first trading day, the percentage is a Market Operations specified value. Till the first trading day for that scrip, there will be no circuit breaker percentage.

Ø In case of book closure, the Exchange will provide an absolute value of circuit breaker, which will be used for a Market Operation specified number of days, following which it will revert back to the old value of the circuit breaker.

Suspension of Scrip:

When price rigging can’t be controlled even after applying the existing surveillance measures or if any serious irregularities such as large quantity of bad deliveries, circulation of fake share certificates in the market etc. is noticed in the market Exchange can suspend trading of those scrip for a period depending on the situation.

High Turnover:

Surveillance Department of the Exchange on a day-to-day basis carries out a thorough study of the trading pattern of the top 10 scripts by turnover. Such analysis covers the price, turnover volume and value activity by various members in each of the scripts and also the fundamentals of the Company.

Monitoring newly listed shares

As per the instruction of SEC circuit breaker is not applied to the newly listed shares for the first five market days. Trading pattern in this five days of the newly listed shares are analyzed by this department to detect whether the members have entered into any manipulation or circular trades to artificially prop-up or prop-down the prices. If any certain irregularities are observed, the Disciplinary Committee takes action against such member.

Suspension of Traders/Brokers

Depending on seriousness of irregularity noticed in a member’s trading, his/her trading terminal is suspended until such time the issue is resolved.

The other activities of this department are:

? Watching net high-low position.

? Taking Disciplinary Action.

? Investigation into specific deals of Broker/Dealers.

The surveillance functions are conducted through the surveillance module of the computer system. This system usually runs manually. The surveillance department through its wide information source carries out this function.

3.3 Inspection and Auditing Department :

There are two types of inspection likely –

Regular Inspection – In a regular inspection, the inspectors check whether the brokers are maintaining all the books of accounts. Spot or Special Inspection – In this sort of inspection the inspectors make a surprise visit or it is done on a particular item.

We can write down the functions of this department as follows –

1.Checking whether the brokers are maintaining rules and regulations under SEC, company act, and income tax law.

2.Making physical visit to the broker houses as per the command of SEC or Surveillance department of DSE.

3.Scrutinizing the draft prospectus of IPO, and commenting over that. The SEC decides whether to allow the IPO on the basis of the comment made. Hereby the following points are considered for assessing the draft prospectus of IPO –

I. Familiarity of the directors.

ii. Who are holding the shares (Foreign or local or corporate investors.)?

iii. List of top executives.

iv. Factory size, product type etc.

v. Credit rating of the company as per various credit rating agencies (for example–CRISL).

3.4 System Department:

System department is very important department of DSE. This department is also known as Information Technology (I.T) department. Following are the functions of this department:

To maintain technical soundness for the entire DSE.

To develop Software

Data Entry.

Data Analysis.

Hardware Maintenance.

To store and Print out all data.

Information providing to various departments.

To advise the brokers about their technical difficulties.

System followed by the department

? Hardware

? Software

? Network

Hardware

Access Server.

Central Server/Status C400 series.

3 PA-RISC Processor.

4 Fault tolerant continuously available.

5 16 GB Hard disk.

6 512 MB RAM.

7 512 KB Cache Memory.

8 Speed 96 MHz.

9 Modems.

10 OLTE (Optical Terminating Equipment).

11 U.P.S (Urgent Power Supply)

12 Data Storage………….. DAT (Digital Audio Type).

Software

a) Application Software

DSE Version of the VECTOR (Versatile Engine for Centralized Trading & On-line Reporting) has three Modules:

?BWS (Brokers Workstation)

?Market Operations.

?Surveillance.

b) System Software

? Opening system-Unix (HP UX)

? RDBMS (Relation Data Base Management System): Sybase.

Network

?Regional Network:

Dhaka members can connect their own office through WAN. Dhaka members can connect from their won office through WAN. Sylhet members can connect though LAN.

?Country wide WAN

Network covers Dhaka, Dhaka and Sylhet.

Dhaka-Dhaka is connected through VSAT and Bangladesh T&T leased line as Back-up.

Dhaka-Sylhet is connected via Dhaka, through BT&T leased line & dial-in as back up.

E1 line, High Speed Optical fiber is used in the Network.

3.5 Clearing and Settlement Department:

This is the busiest department in the Dhaka stock exchange. The Functions of this department are conducted by the ‘Settlement of Stock Exchange Transactions Regulations, of DSE Ltd.” The main functions of this department are:

a) Collecting Security deposit

b) Preparation of contract note

c) Informing the Position of Settlement

d) To clear and settle the transactions.

e) Automatic buying in and selling out.

f) Charge fine/interest from the defaulting members

g) Deal with the defective share

h) Spot transaction

i) Sending report to the DSE

3.6Accounts and Finance Department:

Dhaka stock exchange has a department for working with the accounting and financial aspects. This department consists of expert personnel including F.C.M.A. etc. The main function of this department is to maintain the proper books of account as required by law. The accounts are being prepared according to historical cost convention following generally accepted accounting principles. At the end of financial period, this department prepares Income and Expenditure account, Cash flow statement and also a Balance Sheet for the projected year.

3.7 R&D Library and P.R. Department:

Research & Development are essential pre-requisites for effective functioning and development of any Stock Exchange. Dhaka Stock Exchange has R&D, Library and Public Relations department. This section deals with the functioning of this department.

Research & Development

Research is a foremost necessity for any stock exchange. In order to fulfill the need DSE has established a Research Center and are keeping close contacts with the UN bodies, international research organization, etc. This department has been publishing a monthly bulletin “PORTFOLIO” It was earlier published in the name of “market update” This monthly magazine is being distributed to the concerned persons and agencies including Bangladesh Missions abroad, Foreign Missions in Bangladesh, Stock Exchange-World wide etc. in addition to the transaction data analysis, Portfolio carries in depth analysis, interpretative write-ups on the share markets, investments, capital flow and formation and the state of the economy in general. DSE also envisages publishing fact book, booklets on trading rules, clearing & settlement rules etc.

Library

Dhaka stock exchange has also established a specialized library for the use of the operators of the money market. The country Director of the World Bank Resident Mission in Bangladesh, Mr. Pierre Landell-Mills, officially inaugurated the DSE library. At this library, international newspaper, journals, stock market book & publications, information of listed companies, CD ROM, videocassettes for learning on various management tools and on foreign stock markets etc. is available.

The objectives of setting this library are:

? To enrich the knowledge of investors and brokers,

? To encourage the post-graduate students and teachers to acquire

Knowledge

? about capital market etc.

At present 1000 books are available at this library. These books include Finance, Management, Accounting, Stock Market, Economics, and Statistics etc. Beside these books, half-yearly and annual report of various listed company; World Bank’s publications relating to the economic survey of Bangladesh are also available here. DSE has already opened a Home Page on the Internet (www.DSEbd.com) for releasing updated market information. At this Home page Organizational History of DSE, Rules & Regulations of DSE, Foreign Investor’s incentives, Members’ list, listed company’s information, Daily market Statistics (be updated in every one hour) are available.

Public Relation

The main function of this section is to increase the public awareness by providing various information to the general public through Press News, T.V. coverage, Newspaper etc. Another function is to arrange Seminar and Workshops. DSE has been organizing seminars and workshops at home and abroad for the benefits of the investors. Approximately sixty Seminars and Workshops have been held in the country and twelve seminars and workshops have been held abroad organized for the non-resident Bangladesh in Washington, New York, Mecca, Medina, Jeddah, Dubai, Tehran, and London etc.

Trading system of Dhaka stock exchange and its aspects.

4.1 Introduction:

The stock market is one kind of capital market where the stocks of the different companies are traded. DSE, floor trading was started with open cry-out auction system. Now trading has become automated, led by the DSE through the central depository. In the present automated trading environment, bids/offers, depth, and required broker particulars are all recorded and can be retrieved for future reference.

4.2 Types of stock market:

There are two types of stock markets such as,

Primary market

Secondary market

4.2.1 Primary market of trading system

In primary market the following elements are observed:

– Initial public Offer (IPO)

B/O Account

How to apply for IPO

IPO distribution system

Refund warrant / allotment of IPO

Sell / hold

How an NRB apply for IPO

What to know before applying for IPO

All of these are discussed below:

Initial public Offer (IPO): Initial public Offer (IPO) means first offering of security by an issuer to the general public.

Opening process of B/O Account:

Collect B/O Account opening form from a depository participant.

Fill it up, sign it, enclose to recent color pp size photograph and photocopy of nationality certificate / passport and a certificate from the manager of the bank account.

Submit it to the concerned DP along with charges.

The DP will input your data into the online server of CDBL.

CDBL server will automatically produce a 16 digit account number like 1525685464653145

How to apply for IPO

We will get information from newspaper, stock exchanges, broker offices, web sites of SEC, DSE and the issuers, also from DSE publications.

How to apply

Collect IPO application form from DSE or its broker offices Bankers to the issue.

Fill it up, sign it.

Submit the form along with the subscription money to the selected bank.

Collect the banker’s acknowledgement.

Wait for lottery.

IPO distribution system

Any of the three situations may arise

Over- subscribed

Under- subscribed

Subscribed fully

Situations Distribution System
Over- subscribed Lottery
Under- subscribed Distributed to the public + under writers (If subscribed by less than 50%, return to the public)
Subscribed fully Distribute as supply

Refund Warrant /Allotment of IPO:

If your application is successful in the lottery, the issuer shall deposit your shares in your concerned B/O account.

If not successful in the lottery the issuer shall refund your subscription money by account payee Cheque or warrant payable to applicant.

Then you have to deposit the refund warrant to your bank for clearance. Thus your money will be returned. So there is no loss in the IPO.

Sell / Hold:

Check the B/O account and take a statement of holdings.

Now one can sell the shares or hold it.

If you sell it, get capital Gain, if you hold its price may rise and may get dividend or stocks.

The particulars need to know before applying for IPO:

Profitability, cash flow and financial solvency, if available

Estimated profit and cash flow.

Company’s product is technical one

Company’s sponsors have good financial track record and are not loan or tax defaulters.

Share issue price is as per net asset value and present income based value.

Has the company long-term loan from BSB and BSRS?

Any foreign investor’s portfolio in the company.

4.2.2 Secondary market Trading system:

This is well known as stock exchange, is a secondary market – a trading market. It is structured to provide liquidity and marketability to the security industry.

It is a market where you can buy and sell stocks.

We shall discuss here:

How can I start?

What to know before investing?

Places to the complaints

How DSE helps you?

Procedure of secondary market trading:

Contact with a stock broker

Open a client account and a B/O account

Observe first and study the market.

Place your buy / sell order.

Get buy / sell confirmation.

You can hold it or sell it if price increases.

If you hold it you may get cash dividend or stock dividend.

Before starting secondary business we should observed-

Fundamental analysis

Technical analysis

Fundamental analysis:

Fundamental analysis is the process of looking at a business at the basic or fundamental financial level. This type of analysis examines key ratios of a business to determine its financial health and gives you an idea of the value of its stock.

Many investors use fundamental analysis alone or in combination with other tools to evaluate stock for investment purposes. The goal is to determine the current worth and more importantly, how the market values the stock.

Technical analysis:

Technical analysis is a method of evaluating stocks by analyzing statistics generated by market activity, past prices and volume. Technical analysis do not attend to major a security’s intrinsic value, instead they look at stock charge for patterns and indicators that will determine a stock’s future performance. Technical analysis has become increasingly popular over the past several years, as more and more people believe that the historical performance of a stock is a strong indication of future performance

4.3 Eligibility of a member for trading:

Becoming the member of DSE Clearing House;

Obtaining Dealership /Brokerage License from SEC;

Not otherwise barred by DSE of SEC.

4.4 Categories of Trading Companies in DSE:

There are some categories of Company’s in DSE:

Category Companies

Category Companies

G- Category Companies

N- Category Companies

Z- Category Companies

A- Category Companies

Companies, which are regular in holding the current annual general meetings and have declared dividend at the rate of ten percent of more in the last English calendar year

B- Category Companies

Companies, which are regular in holding the annual general meetings but have failed to declared dividend at least at the rate of ten percent in the last English calendar year.

Z- Category companies

Companies which failed to hold the current annual general meetings or have failed to declare any dividend or which are not in operation for more than six months or whose accumulated loss after adjustment of revenue reserve, if any, is negative and exceeded its paid-up capital.

G- Category Companies

G- Category Companies are basically Greenfield companies. The companies, which are not, started its operation but call subscribers to invest to their Company. They basically call for capital in primary market.

N- Category Companies

The Company’s, which are already in operation and enters into primary market to collect money, falls into N- Category Companies.

Provided that the chief executive officer of the exchange may bring any other company under this category, if deemed necessary, with the prior written consent from the Commission

4.5 Types of Trading System of DSE:

4.5.1 Cry-Out System:

Before starting on-line trading system, at the Dhaka Stock Exchange, trading was conducted through Cry-out system. Under this system, Members and their Authorized of the Stock Exchange who have license to trade from the Securities & Exchange Commissions would come to the Stock Exchange Floor and participate in trading. But there were a number of shortcomings of this trading system.

Difficulties of Cry-Out System and Need for Automation:

The following difficulties were found in the cry-out system

a) Cry-out floor trading was inept and slows down the process of finalizing deals on the stock exchange floor between the stock dealers.

b) There was a common complaint from the investors that, they didn’t get fair price. They didn’t know what actually happened on the floor. They had to depend on the broker and it was the market for the brokers not for the investors. To get rid of this problem, a new system is required to be developed.

c) Manual Clearing and settlement system is clumsy and slow causing an affliction in stock exchange settlement department and ultimately limiting the trade volume and transactions.

d) Participation in the Stock Market remains restricted within a community residing close to the Stock Exchange building. The business can’t be reached out the common mass.

e) Cry-out system was a noisy manual system; the open floor action was not only messy and tiring for the traders, but also difficult for the Stock Exchange to monitor the transactions as required by the rules and regulations.

f) The manual system was error-phone. Errors were very difficult to detect in the current system.

To get rid of these difficulties, it was very essential at that time to start on-line trading i.e. Screen based trading system. On-line trading is automated by computer application.

4.5.2 Automated Trading System

PREAMBLE

Globally the developments in information & communication technologies (ICT) have created a new instance in the securities market operations. Stock Exchanges all over the world have realized the potentiality of ICT and inclined to the electronic trading systems. It was understood by DSE that technology would ensure transparency, timeliness and satisfaction in customer service. Considering those DSE introduced Automated Trading System on 10th August 1998.In other words, the trading floor moved right into the member’s office premises where an investor started to place buy/sell orders.

Considering market growth the Automated Trading System was upgraded two times. The recently Upgraded Trading System, started from 21st December, 2008 is capable to handle 1,50,000 trades per day as well as 3000 Trading work stations

HARDWARE

DSE Automated Trading System (HP Nonstop S7804) is running on fault tolerant, high available, scalable and maintainable Mainframe Server. Previously DSE established the TANDEM Nonstop K204 System on September 1998 and on August 2005 it was replaced with highly scaleable HP Nonstop S7802.

DSE upgraded the Trading System again on 21st December 2008. The existing HP Nonstop S7804 Server is highly fault tolerant to the fact that no single component failure will halt the system. Its constituent parts are hot swappable, and upward compatible; components can be added or removed while the system is running and any compatible new upgraded will work with the system.

All disk drives are mirrored so, if any of the disk crashes the exact copy of the data is available at online. Moreover the connecting path for every disk whether it is primary or mirror is also redundant. In every case, minimum two peripheral devices exist. All the components are working active – active load balancing procedure. To ensure better power quality we have ensured high end UPS’s with long durable backup capability, two instant backup generations and other electrical devices.

NETWORK (LAN / WAN)

All The Member (230 members) Server Applications (MSA) are connected with Nonstop HP S-Series Server through either DSE LAN or WAN connectivity. Each member has one or more Trader Work Station (TWS). The TWS,s are being connected to the Trading Server via respective MSA through LAN and WAN connection.

DSE outsourced Metro Net Ltd., DNS Ltd. , X-Net Ltd., Dhaka Com Ltd., Ranks ITT, Link-3, Royal Green Online Ltd. etc Network Service Providers (NSP under WAN Expansion Project.

Now days members can establish a main office or branch offices to their remote location and can trade smoothly by using different media ADSL, Optical fiber and Radio Link from Dhaka and other important cities such as Gazipur, Narayanganj, Comilla, Hobiganj, Dhaka, Sylhet, Khulna, Barisal, Rajshahi, Bogra at the same time.

Two DSE branch offices located at Dhaka and Sylhet is connected via BTTB’s DDN link. We also used connectivity for redundancy for the DDN link. We have a plan to reach the DSE branches in same way.

DSE LAN/WAN Expansion DSE LAN/WAN Expansion

Within Dhaka City: Outside of Dhaka City:

In case of trade interruption due to serious hardware, software, network failure or telecommunication disruption at the Brokerage houses, there is a provision to allow traders to trade at DSE Contingency Trading floor.

SYSTEM SOFTWARE

The system software is HP Proprietary Nonstop KERNEL and includes the database as part of the operating system thereby eliminating the layer typically found in most Database Management Systems (DBMS). NONSTOP SQL handles the Database functionalities, which is simply a different operational session for the operating system. The proprietary nature of the system software arguably enhances system security.

Operating system is HP’s proprietary Nonstop Kernel

DBMS handled by Nonstop SQL.

The system software treats all its hardware resources as objects and is thus entirely message driven. This then allows application software to be deployed using client / server architecture providing shared data processing between the central server and the user workstation. The central trading system resides in the Stock Exchange premises, which is running 24 hrs in a day & 365 days in a year.

APPLICATION SOFTWARE

(Securities Architecture). TESA has two parts: MSA (Member’s Server Application) & TWS (Trader The application, which runs in DSE for trading, is called TESA (The Electronic workstation). MSA is the “Gateway” between the traders and the Stock Exchange, which manages all the transactions and database operations between the traders and the Trading Engine. TWS is the Front-end Application closer to investors, where they can submit Buy/Sell orders for their desired securities

TESA ARCHITECTURE

TESA software is built for the global securities markets. It uses fault tolerant computers, intelligent workstations and client / server design techniques. This provides co-operative processing, high message integrity, continuous operation and fully automatic recovery. This co-operative mechanism enables very high speed processing which is essential for today’s electronic markets.

TESA’s Application Programmatic Interface (API) is the gateway to the TESA system from the outside world. All external devices connect through the API. The API provides the translation between external devices and internal processes. This means that a new process does not need to be written to support each new device, only the API needs to be modified.

SOLUTION BENEFITS

The TESA application suite derives significant advantages from being implemented on the HP Nonstop platform. The HP Nonstop customers have benefited from these advantages.

Fault Tolerance: One of the most important automation requirements for any stock exchange system is continuous system availability. With most systems Fault Tolerance is created at the application level. Fault Tolerance is a fundamental design feature of the HP Nonstop architecture.

Data Integrity: Data integrity is an integral feature of HP architecture. TESA employs standard HP tools to achieve exceptional data integrity.

Scalability: The ability of an exchange to accommodate extraordinary increases in transaction volumes without loss of its Capital investment in automation is very important. The HP Nonstop Server is massively scalable due to Parallel processors.

TESA FUNCTIONAL MODEL

An overview of the TESA Functional Model

Client / Server: TESA’s Client / Server architecture enables an efficient allocation of computing resources and provides easily modified user-friendly interfaces. TESA workstations operate under Windows 95 and can function either as servers on a broker’s network or as workstation. The brokers use these to perform trading and settlement activity.<href=”#top”>

PRINCIPAL FUNCTIONS OF TESA

Market Information: Supplying all market information needed to formulate the buy and sell decisions.

Order Management: Accept, validate and store orders and quotes from broker workstations and / or systems.

Order Execution: Automatically executes orders when buy and sell prices match.

Trade Reporting: Trade execution reports are provided to each trade participant, to the settlement system and / or the depository and to the market.

Index Calculation: Calculates and publishes market indices (DSE General Index & Weighted Average Index.)

Market Access: Provide exchange members with efficient affordable GUI-based tools for accessing the market.

MARKETS

Four types of market at DSE

Public Market:In this market instruments are traded in normal volume

Spot Market: Instruments are traded in normal volumes under corporate action if any

Odd lot Market: Odd lots of all Instruments are trade in this market

Block Market: Instruments are traded in bulk volume

TRADING SESSIONS

TESA conducts trading in-5-phases.

Enquiry: In this session Brokers can logon to the system. No order will be submitted in this session. No trade will be executed. Only previous orders can be withdrew in this session

Opening: The Opening is a pure, single-price auction. All buy and all sell orders are compared and calculate the open-adjust price. No trades will be executed in this session

Continuous Trading: During this phase, participants enter orders and immediate execution or for inclusion in the book. Automatic matching and execution takes place based on best price/ first in, first out trading rules

Closing: Closing prices are calculated and disseminated to market participants

Enquiry: Market will be closed in this session & other facilities like the previous enquiry session.

MARKET CONTROL

The Market Control Workstation allows the exchange administrative staff to control the operation of the market, e.g.

Session Control: Opening and closing the market via interactive control or by preset timers.
Validation Parameters: Setting and viewing parameters that control the trading engine validation e.g. tick size, Circuit Breaker, Circuit Filter, Market lot, Price protection Percentage.
Messaging: Allows the dissemination of company announcement data and general market administrative massages.

MARKET INFORMATION

Market Information is a real-time market data system. It collects, manages, generates and stores information relating to trade instruments and issuing companies. Market Information is responsible for,

Collecting Real-Time Market Information: Bids, offers, last sale (i.e. most recent trade price and volume), book and other data are gathered via the Trading engine. It supports TESA’s automated and manual trading modules and can process the trades of external and off-market systems.

Collecting company Information: All information supplied by the listed companies is maintained in the TESA database.

Generating Market Statistics: TESA generates market indices on a real time basis. It generates other statistical information such as Price.

BROKER SUPPORT

Research and Enquiry: this module provides brokers access to the local Broker Support and TESA databases for enquiries and research purposes.

Public Order Book

Broker Order Book

The multi-windows environment allows users to simultaneously view orders, market and trade